[Factors influencing the occurrence of small for gestational age at different degrees]. / ä¸åŒç¨‹åº¦å°äºŽèƒŽé¾„å„¿å‘ç”Ÿçš„å½±å“å› ç´ åˆ†æž.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the factors influencing the occurrence of small for gestational age (SGA) at different degrees and provide a basis for early identification of severe SGA cases. METHODS: Neonatal and maternal prenatal information were retrospectively collected from January 2018 to December 2022 at Peking University People's Hospital. The neonates were divided into three groups: severe SGA group (birth weight below the 3rd percentile for gestational age and sex), mild SGA group (birth weight ≥3rd percentile and <10th percentile), and non-SGA group (birth weight ≥10th percentile). An ordered multinomial logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors influencing the occurrence of SGA at different degrees. RESULTS: A total of 14 821 neonates were included, including 258 cases (1.74%) in the severe SGA group, 902 cases (6.09%) in the mild SGA group, and 13 661 cases (92.17%) in the non-SGA group. The proportions of preterm births and stillbirths were higher in the severe SGA group compared to the mild SGA and non-SGA groups (P<0.0125). The proportion of neonatal asphyxia was higher in both the severe SGA and mild SGA groups compared to the non-SGA group (P<0.0125). Ordered multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that maternal pre-pregnancy underweight (OR=1.838), maternal pre-pregnancy obesity (OR=3.024), in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (OR=2.649), preeclampsia (OR=1.743), connective tissue disease during pregnancy (OR=1.795), nuchal cord (OR=1.213), oligohydramnios (OR=1.848), and intrauterine growth restriction (OR=27.691) were all associated with a higher risk of severe SGA (P<0.05). Maternal parity as a multipara (OR=0.457) was associated with a lower likelihood of severe SGA (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Maternal pre-pregnancy underweight, maternal pre-pregnancy obesity, in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer, preeclampsia, connective tissue disease during pregnancy, oligohydramnios, nuchal cord, and intrauterine growth restriction are closely related to the occurrence of more severe SGA. Maternal parity as a multipara acts as a protective factor against the occurrence of severe SGA.

[Research progress on the manifestations and prognosis of neonatal lupus erythematosus in various systems]. / æ–°ç”Ÿå„¿çº¢æ–‘ç‹¼ç–®å„ç³»ç»Ÿè¡¨çŽ°åŠé¢„åŽç ”ç©¶è¿›å±•.

Neonatal lupus erythematosus (NLE) is caused by the transmission of maternal anti-Ro/SSA antibodies, anti-La/SSB antibodies, and other autoantibodies to the fetus through the placenta. Usually, with the disappearance of autoantibodies in the children's body, abnormal changes in the mucocutaneous, blood system, and digestive system can spontaneously subside, but the damage to various systems caused by autoantibodies may persist for a long time. This article provides a comprehensive review of the manifestations and prognosis of NLE in various systems, including mucocutaneous, blood system, circulatory system, nervous system, digestive system, respiratory system, aiming to provide reference for clinical work.

[Research progress on long-term developmental outcomes of offspring of pregnant women with systemic lupus erythematosus]. / å¦Šå¨ åˆå¹¶ç³»ç»Ÿæ€§çº¢æ–‘ç‹¼ç–®æ‚£è€ å­ä»£è¿œæœŸå‘è‚²ç»“å±€çš„ç ”ç©¶è¿›å±•.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune connective tissue disease that affects multiple organs and systems. It is more common in women of childbearing age. Compared with the general population, pregnant women with SLE are at a significantly increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes such as preterm birth and intrauterine growth restriction. In addition, the offspring of SLE patients may also be adversely affected by in utero exposure to maternal autoantibodies, cytokines, and drugs. This article summarizes the long-term developmental outcomes of offspring of pregnant women with SLE in terms of the blood system, circulatory system, nervous system, and immune system.

Neurodevelopmental outcomes of infants of diabetic mothers. / ç³–å°¿ç— æ¯äº²å©´å„¿çš„ç¥žç»å‘è‚²ç»“å±€.

With the increase of the incidence of pre-pregnancy diabetes mellitus and gestational diabetes mellitus, the number of infants of diabetic mothers (IDMs) are increasing year by year. IDMs may be associated with poor perinatal outcomes and may have a negative impact on neurodevelopment, but there are relatively few studies on the neurodevelopmental outcomes of IDMs. This article reviews the relevant literature and summarizes the neurodevelopmental outcomes of IDMs from the aspects of sensory and perception, motor, language, intellectual development, neuropsychiatric disorders, neurological examination and drug effect, so as to provide reference for clinical work. Citation.

[Perinatal conditions of late preterm twins versus early term twins].

OBJECTIVE: To study the perinatal complications of late preterm twins (LPTs) versus early term twins (ETTs). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed for the complications of 246 LPTs, 496 ETTs, and their mothers. The risk factors for late preterm birth were analyzed. According to gestational age, the twins were divided into five groups: 34-34+6 weeks (n=44), 35-35+6 weeks (n=70), 36-36+6 weeks (n=132), 37-37+6 weeks (n=390), and 38-38+6 weeks (n=106). The perinatal complications were compared between groups. RESULTS: Maternal hypertension, maternal thrombocytopenia, placenta previa, and premature rupture of membranes were independent risk factors for late preterm birth in twins (P < 0.05). The LPT group had higher incidence rates of respiratory diseases, feeding intolerance, and hypoglycemia than the ETT group (P < 0.05). The 34-34+6 weeks group had a higher incidence rate of neonatal asphyxia than the 37-37+6 weeks and 38-38+6 weeks groups; and had a higher incidence rate of septicemia than 36-36+6 weeks group (P < 0.0045). The 34-34+6 weeks and 35-35+6 weeks groups had higher incidence rates of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, neonatal apnea, and anemia than the other three groups; and had higher incidence rates of neonatal pneumonia, hypoglycemia and septicemia than the 37-37+6 weeks and 38-38+6 weeks groups (P < 0.0045). The 35-35+6 weeks group had a higher incidence rate of feeding intolerance than the 36-36+6 weeks, 37-37+6 weeks, and 38-38+6 weeks groups (P < 0.0045). The 36-36+6 weeks group had a lower incidence rate of hypoglycemia than the 34-34+6 weeks group and a higher incidence rate of hypoglycemia than the 37-37+6 weeks group (P < 0.0045). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with ETTs, LPTs have an increased incidence of perinatal complications. The incidence of perinatal complications is associated with gestational ages in the LPTs and ETTs.